CFP last date
20 May 2024
Reseach Article

Reliable Geographic Routing Protocol (RGRP) towards Improving Quality of Service (QoS) in Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

by R. Vadivel, B. Narasimhan
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 60 - Number 15
Year of Publication: 2012
Authors: R. Vadivel, B. Narasimhan
10.5120/9772-4436

R. Vadivel, B. Narasimhan . Reliable Geographic Routing Protocol (RGRP) towards Improving Quality of Service (QoS) in Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. International Journal of Computer Applications. 60, 15 ( December 2012), 43-48. DOI=10.5120/9772-4436

@article{ 10.5120/9772-4436,
author = { R. Vadivel, B. Narasimhan },
title = { Reliable Geographic Routing Protocol (RGRP) towards Improving Quality of Service (QoS) in Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { December 2012 },
volume = { 60 },
number = { 15 },
month = { December },
year = { 2012 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 43-48 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume60/number15/9772-4436/ },
doi = { 10.5120/9772-4436 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T21:07:05.153074+05:30
%A R. Vadivel
%A B. Narasimhan
%T Reliable Geographic Routing Protocol (RGRP) towards Improving Quality of Service (QoS) in Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 60
%N 15
%P 43-48
%D 2012
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Developing Quality of Service (QoS) aware routing protocol is an ever demanding task for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). This research aims in developing Reliable Geographic Routing Protocol (RGRP) towards improving Quality of Service (QoS) in heterogeneous MANET. RGRP is an adaptive on-demand geographic routing protocol which builds efficient paths based on the need of user applications and adapt to various scenarios to provide efficient and reliable routing. To lessen the impact due to inaccurate local topology knowledge, the topology information is updated at a node in a periodic manner based on network dynamics and traffic demand. On-demand routing mechanism is used in order to reduce control overhead compared to the proactive schemes which are normally adopted in current geographic routing protocols. The QoS metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay, overhead, packets drop are taken for comparison with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. NS2 is used for simulation and the results proved that the proposed RGRP outperforms AODV in all aspects such as improved throughput, packet delivery ratio and decreased delay, overhead.

References
  1. Y. Li, Y. Yang, and X. Lu, "Routing Metric Designs for Greedy, Face and Combined-Greedy-Face Routing," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 64-72, Apr. 2009.
  2. M. Heissenb, T. Braun, T. Bernoulli, and M. Wlchli, "BLR: Beacon- Less Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," Elsevier's Computer Comm. J. , vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1076-1086, July 2003.
  3. J. A. Sanchez, R. Marin-Perez, and P. M. Ruiz, "BOSS: Beacon-Less on Demand Strategy for Geographic Routing Inwireless Sensor Networks," Proc. Fourth Int'l Conf. Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems, p. 110, 2007.
  4. S. Ruhrup, H. Kalosha, A. Nayak, and I. Stojmenovic, "Message- Efficient Beaconless Georouting with Guaranteed Delivery in Wireless Sensor, Ad Hoc, and Actuator Networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 95-108, Feb. 2010.
  5. H. Zhang and H. Shen, "Energy-Efficient Beaconless Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 881-896, June 2010.
  6. M. Jain, M. K. Mishra, and M. M. Gore, "Energy Aware Beaconless Geographical Routing in Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks," Proc. First Int'l Conf. Advanced Computing, pp. 122-128, Dec. 2009.
  7. J. A. Sanchez, P. M. Ruiz, and R. Marin-Perez, "Beacon-Less Geographic Routing Made Practical: Challenges, Design Guidelines, and Protocols," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 85-91, Aug. 2009.
  8. F. Zhang, H. Li, A. Jiang, J. Chen, and P. Luo, "Face Tracing Based Geographic Routing in Nonplanar Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 2243-2251, May 2007.
  9. Y. Kim, R. Govindan, B. Karp, and S. Shenker, "Lazy Cross-Link Removal for Geographic Routing," Proc. Fourth Int'l Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys), 2006.
  10. X. Xiang, X. Wang, and Y. Yang, "Supporting Efficient and Scalable Multicasting over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol 10, no. 4, pp. 544-559, Apr. 2011.
  11. X. Xiang, X. Wang, and Y. Yang, "Stateless Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Computer, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1076-1090, Aug. 2010.
  12. X. Xiang, X. Wang, and Z. Zhou, "Robust and Scalable Geographic Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, May 2007.
  13. Y. Kim, J. -J. Lee, and A. Helmy, "Modeling and Analyzing the Impact of Location Inconsistencies on Geographic Routing in Wireless Networks," Mobile Computing and Comm. Rev. , vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 48-60, 2004.
  14. W. Xi, Y. He, Y. Liu, J. Zhao, L. Mo, Z. Yang, J. Wang, and X. -Y. Li, "Locating Sensors in the Wild: Pursuit of Ranging Quality," Proc. ACM Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2010.
  15. Z. Yang, Y. Liu, and X. -Y. Li, "Beyond Trilateration: On the Localizability of Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1806-1814, Dec. 2010.
  16. X. Xiang, Z. Zhou, and X. Wang, "Self-Adaptive On Demand Geographic Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, May 2007.
  17. M. Zorzi and R. R. Rao, "Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Energy and Latency Performance,"IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 337-348, Oct. -Dec. 2003.
  18. D. Tschopp, S. Diggavi, M. Grossglauser, and J. Widmer, "Robust Geo-Routing on Embeddings of Dynamic Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, May. 2007.
  19. D. Son, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari, "The Effect of Mobility- Induced Location Errors on Geographic Routing in Ad Hoc Networks: Analysis and Improvement Using Mobility Prediction," Proc. Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC '04), 2004.
  20. K. Seada, A. Helmy, and R. Govindan, "On The Effect of Localization Errors on Geographic Face Routing on Sensor Networks," Proc. IEEE Third Int'l Workshop Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), 2004.
  21. Y. Kim, R. Govindan, B. Karp, S. Shenker, "Geographic Routing Made Practical," Proc. Second Conf. Symp. Networked Systems Design & Implementation, 2005.
  22. S. Lee, B. Bhattacharjee, and S. Banerjee, "Efficient Geographic Routing in Multihop Wireless Networks," Proc. ACM MobiHoc, 2005.
  23. K. Seada, M. Zuniga, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari, "Energy Efficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks," Proc. ACM Second Int'l Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys '04), Nov. 2004.
  24. C. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, "Highly Dynamic Destination- Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers," Proc. ACM Conf. Comm. Architectures, Protocols and Applications (SIGCOMM '94), 1994.
  25. J. Li, J. Jannotti, D. S. J. D. Couto, D. R. Karger, and R. Morris, "A Scalable Location Service for Geographic Ad Hoc Routing," Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 120-130, 2000.
  26. F. Kuhn, R. Wattenhofer, Y. Zhang, and A. Zollinger, "Geometric Ad-Hoc Routing: Of Theory and Practice," Proc. Int'l Symp. the Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), 2003.
  27. F. Kuhn, R. Wattenhofer, and A. Zollinger, "An Algorithmic Approach to Geographic Routing in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 51-62, Feb. 2008.
  28. B. Karp and H. T. Kung, "Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks," Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 243-254, Aug. 2000.
  29. P. Bose, P. Morin, I. Stojmenovic, and J. Urrutia, "Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," Wireless Networks, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1572-8196, Nov. 2001.
  30. P. Ghosh, N. Roy, and S. K. Das, "Mobility-Aware Efficient Job Scheduling in Mobile Grids," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Cluster Computing and the Grid, pp. 701-706, May 2007.
  31. M. Li and Y. Liu, "Underground Coal Mine Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Networks," ACM Trans. Sensor Networks, vol. 5, no. 2, article 10, Mar. 2009.
  32. X. Xiang and X. Wang, "A Scalable Geographic Service Provision Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Pervasive Computing and Comm. , Mar. 2007.
  33. Y. Ko and N. Vaidya, "Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Wireless Networks, vol. 6, pp. 307-321, July 2000.
  34. H. Rangarajan and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "Using Labeled Paths for Loop-Free On-Demand Routing in Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. ACM MobiHoc, May 2004.
  35. D. B. Johnson, Y. Hu, and D. A. Maltz, "The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for IPv4," IETF RFC 4728, Feb. 2007.
  36. S. Basagni, I. Chlamtac, V. Syrotiuk, and B. A. Woodward, "A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM)," Proc. ACM/IEEE MobiCom, pp. 76-84, 1998.
  37. L. Blazevic, S. Giordano, and J. -Y. L. Boudec, "Self Organized Terminode Routing," Cluster Computing J. , vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 205- 218, 2002.
  38. H. Fussler, J. Widmer, M. Kasemann, M. Mauve, and H. Hartenstein, "Beaconless Position-Based Routing for Mobile Ad- Hoc Networks," Technical Report TR-03-001, Dept. of Math. and Computer Science, Univ. Mannheim, Germany, 2003.
  39. Z. Haas, M. Pearlman, and P. Samar, "Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)," IETF Internet draft, July 2002.
  40. V. Ramasubramanian, Z. J Haas, and E. G Sirer, "SHARP: A Hybrid Adaptive Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. ACM MobiHoc, June 2003.
  41. R. Beraldi and R. Baldoni, "A Caching Scheme for Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Its Application to ZRP," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1051-1062, Aug. 2003.
  42. P. Jacquet, P. Muhlethaler, and A. Qayyam, "Optimized Link- State Routing Protocol," IETF MANET Internet draft, Mar. 2002.
  43. C. Perkins, E. M. Royer, and S. Das, "Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing," IETF RFC 3561, July 2003.
  44. Y. C. Tseng, S. Y. Ni, and E. Y. Shih, "Adaptive Approaches to Relieving Broadcast Storms in a Wireless Multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Network," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 545- 557, May 2003.
  45. Y. Cai, W. Lou, M. Li, and X. -Y. Li, "Energy Efficient Target-Oriented Scheduling in Directional Sensor Networks," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 1259-1274, Sept. 2009.
  46. W. Wu, J. Cao, J. Yang, and M. Raynal, "Design and Performance Evaluation of Efficient Consensus Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1055-1070, Aug. 2007.
  47. I. Abraham, D. Dolev, and D. Malkhi, "LLS: A Locality Aware Location Service for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. Workshop Discrete Algorithms and Methods for MOBILE Computing and Comm. (DialM), 2004.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Reliable Geographic