Notification: Our email services are now fully restored after a brief, temporary outage caused by a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. If you sent an email on Dec 6 and haven't received a response, please resend your email.
CFP last date
20 December 2024
Reseach Article

A Review of Machine Translation Systems in India and different Translation Evaluation Methodologies

by Aditi Kalyani, Priti S. Sajja
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 121 - Number 23
Year of Publication: 2015
Authors: Aditi Kalyani, Priti S. Sajja
10.5120/21840-4917

Aditi Kalyani, Priti S. Sajja . A Review of Machine Translation Systems in India and different Translation Evaluation Methodologies. International Journal of Computer Applications. 121, 23 ( July 2015), 16-23. DOI=10.5120/21840-4917

@article{ 10.5120/21840-4917,
author = { Aditi Kalyani, Priti S. Sajja },
title = { A Review of Machine Translation Systems in India and different Translation Evaluation Methodologies },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { July 2015 },
volume = { 121 },
number = { 23 },
month = { July },
year = { 2015 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 16-23 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume121/number23/21840-4917/ },
doi = { 10.5120/21840-4917 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T23:09:12.739527+05:30
%A Aditi Kalyani
%A Priti S. Sajja
%T A Review of Machine Translation Systems in India and different Translation Evaluation Methodologies
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 121
%N 23
%P 16-23
%D 2015
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Despite the linguistic diversity, communication is important for economic and social growth. But it is impossible for a human being to know all languages. This led to the inception of machine translation. Machine Translation (MT) is a field of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing which deals with translation from one language to another using machine translation system. Even after translation, in order to assess the goodness of MT system i. e. if the translated output is of human translation quality or not, some Evaluation strategy is required. This paper gives a review of the work done on various Indian machine translation systems and existing methods for evaluating the translated MT system's Output.

References
  1. http://web. archive. org/web/20131029190612/http://censusindia. gov. in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1. htm
  2. A. -L. Lagarda, V. Alabau, F. Casacuberta R. Silva, and E. D´?az-de-Liano, "Statistical Post-Editing of a Rule-Based Machine Translation System?", Proceedings of NAACL HLT, Boulder, Colorado, June 2009.
  3. Nirenburg, Sergei (1989). "Knowledge-Based Machine Translation". Machine Trandation 4 (1989), 5 - 24. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  4. Koehn, Philipp (2010). Statistical Machine Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 15
  5. G V Garje and G K Kharate, "SURVEY OF MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS IN INDIA", International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013
  6. ADAM LOPEZ, "Statistical Machine Translation", ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 40, No. 3, Article 8, August 2008.
  7. Satanjeev Banerjee and Alon Lavie (2005), "METEOR: An Automatic Metric for MT Evaluation with Improved Correlation with Human Judgments", Proceedings of the ACL 2005 Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for MT and/or Summarization.
  8. EuroMatrix, "Survey of Machine Translation Evaluation". Available:www. euromatrix. net/deliverables/Euro matrix_D1. 3_Revised. pdf.
  9. Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu,"BLEU: A Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), Philadelphia,pp. 311-318,July 2002.
  10. George Doddington, "Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality using N-gram Cooccurrence Statistics", Proceedings of 2nd HumanLanguage Technologies Conference (HLT-02). SanDiego, CA, pp. 128-132. 2002.
  11. Akshar Bharati, Vineet Chaitanya, Rajeev Sangal, "COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW".
  12. Sitender, Seema Bawa, "Survey of Indian Machine Translation Systems", International Journal of Computer Science And Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Jan. - March 2012.
  13. Vishal Goyal & Gurpreet Singh Lehal, (2010) "Web Based Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System", International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, Vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 148-151, ACADEMY PUBLISHER.
  14. Sudip Naskar & Shivaji Bandyopadhyay, (2005) "Use of Machine Translation in India: Current status"AAMT Journal, pp. 25-31.
  15. Lata Gore & Nishigandha Patil, (2002) "English to Hindi - Translation System", In proceedings of Symposium on Translation Support Systems. IIT Kanpur. pp. 178-184.
  16. Murthy. K, (2002) "MAT: A Machine Assisted Translation System", In Proceedings of Symposium on Translation Support System( STRANS-2002), IIT Kanpur. pp. 134-139.
  17. Bharati, R. Moona, P. Reddy, B. Sankar, D. M. Sharma & R. Sangal, (2003) "Machine Translation: The Shakti Approach", Pre-Conference Tutorial, ICON-2003.
  18. Parameswari K, Sreenivasulu N. V. , Uma Maheshwar Rao G & Christopher M, (2012) "Development of Telugu-Tamil Bidirectional Machine Translation System: A special focus on case divergence", in proceedings of 11th International Tamil Internet conference, pp 180-191
  19. Sampark: Machine Translation System among Indian languages (2009) http://tdildc. in/index. php?option=com_vertical&parentid=74, http://sampark. iiit. ac. in/
  20. Vishal Goyal & Gurpreet Singh Lehal, (2009) "Advances in Machine Translation Systems", National Open Access Journal, Volume 9, ISSN 1930-2940 http://www. languageinindia.
  21. Hemant Darabari, (1999) "Computer Assisted Translation System- An Indian Perspective", in proceedings of MT Summit VII, Thialand
  22. Sanjay Chatterji, Devshri Roy, Sudeshna Sarkar & Anupam Basu, (2009) "A Hybrid Approach for Bengali to Hindi Machine Translation", In proceedings of ICON-2009, 7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, pp. 83-91.
  23. Sanjay Chatterji, Praveen Sonare, Sudeshna Sarkar & Anupam Basu, (2011) "Lattice Based Lexical Transfer in Bengali Hindi Machine Translation Framework", in Proceedings of ICON- 2011: 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, Macmillan Publishers, India.
  24. S. Bandyopadhyay, (2004) "ANUBAAD - The Translator from English to Indian Languages", in proceedings of the VIIth State Science and Technology Congress. Calcutta. India. pp. 43-51
  25. Kommaluri Vijayanand, Sirajul Islam Choudhury & Pranab Ratna "VAASAANUBAADA -Automatic Machine Translation of Bilingual Bengali-Assamese News Texts", in proceedings of Language Engineering Conference-2002, Hyderabad, India ©IEEE Computer Society.
  26. R. Mahesh K. Sinha & Anil Thakur, (2005) "Machine Translation of Bi-lingual Hindi-English (Hinglish) Text", in proceedings of 10th Machine Translation Summit organized by Asia-Pacific Association for Machine Translation (AAMT), Phuket, Thailand
  27. R. Ananthakrishnan, Jayprasad Hegde, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Ritesh Shah & M. Sasikumar, (2008) "Simple Syntactic and Morphological Processing Can Help English-Hindi Statistical Machine Translation", in proceedings of International Joint Conference on NLP (IJCNLP08), Hyderabad, India.
  28. Akshar Bharti, Chaitanya Vineet, Amba P. Kulkarni & Rajiv Sangal, (2001) "ANUSAARAKA: overcoming the language barrier in India", published in Anuvad: approaches to Translation
  29. Akshar Bharti, Chaitanya Vineet, Amba P. Kulkarni & Rajiv Sangal, (1997) "ANUSAARAKA: Machine Translation in stages', Vivek, a quarterly in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 10, No. 3, NCST Mumbai, pp. 22-25
  30. G. S. Josan & G. S. Lehal, (2008) "A Punjabi to Hindi Machine Translation System", in proceedings of COLING-2008: Companion volume: Posters and Demonstrations, Manchester, UK, pp. 157-160.
  31. Sugata Sanyal & Rajdeep Borgohain, (2013) "Machine Translation Systems in India", Cornell University Library, arxiv. org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1304/1304. 7728. pdf
  32. Gurpreet Singh Josan & Jagroop Kaur, (2011) "Punjabi To Hindi Statistical Machine Transliteration", International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management ,Volume 4, No. 2, pp. 459-463.
  33. Vishal Goyal & Gurpreet Singh Lehal, (2011) "Hindi to Punjabi Machine Translation System", in proceedings of the ACL-HLT 2011 System Demonstrations, pages 1–6, Portland, Oregon, USA, 21 June 2011.
  34. Ananthakrishnan R, Kavitha M, Jayprasad J Hegde, Chandra Shekhar, Ritesh Shah, Sawani Bade & Sasikumar M, (2006) "MaTra: A Practical Approach to Fully-Automatic Indicative English-Hindi Machine Translation", in proceedings of the first national symposium on Modelling and shallow parsing of Indian languages (MSPIL-06) organized by IIT Bambay, 202. 141. 152. 9/clir/papers/matra_mspil06. pdf
  35. S. Mohanty & R. C. Balabantaray, (2004) "English to Oriya Translation System (OMTrans)"cs. pitt. edu/chang/cpol/c087. pdf
  36. Antony P. J. , (2013) "Machine Translation Approaches and Survey for Indian Languages", International journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 47-78.
  37. Ananthakrishnan R, Kavitha M, Jayprasad J Hegde, Chandra Shekhar, Ritesh Shah, Sawani Bade & Sasikumar M. , (2006) "MaTra: A Practical Approach to Fully- Automatic Indicative English-Hindi Machine Translation", In the proceedings of MSPIL-06.
  38. Latha R. Nair & David Peter S. , (2012) "Machine Translation Systems for Indian Languages", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –8887) Volume 39–No. 1
  39. Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi & Pramod Premdas Sukhadeve, (2010) "Machine Translation System in Indian Perspectives", Journal of Computer Science 6 (10): 1082-1087, ISSN 1549-3636, ©2010 Science
  40. R. M. K. Sinha & A. Jain, (2002) "AnglaHindi: An English to Hindi Machine-Aided Translation System", International Conference AMTA(Association of Machine Translation in the Americas)
  41. Ankit Kumar Srivastava, Rejwanul Haque, Sudip Kumar Naskar & Andy Way, (2008) "The MATREX (Machine Translation using Example): The DCU Machine Translation System for ICON 2008", in Proceedings of ICON-2008: 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, Macmillan Publishers, India, http://ltrc. iiit. ac. in/proceedings/ICON-2008.
  42. Yanjun Ma, John Tinsley, Hany Hassan, Jinhua Du & Andy Way, (2008) "Exploiting Alignment Techniques in MATREX: the DCU Machine Translation System for IWSLT 2008', in proceedings of IWSLT 2008, Hawaii, USA
  43. Lucian Vlad Lita , Monica Rogati and Alon Lavie. (2005), "BLANC: Learning Evaluation Metrics for MT", Vancouver.
  44. Snover, M. and Dorr, B. (2006). A study of translation edit rate with targeted human annotation. In AMTA 2006: Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas.
  45. Xingyi Song and Trevor C. (2011):,"Regression and Ranking based Optimisation for Sentence Level Machine Translation Evaluation", Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation,(pp. 123–129).
  46. Boxing Chen and Roland Kuhn. (2011): "AMBER: A Modified BLEU, Enhanced Ranking Metric", Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 71–77.
  47. Aaron L. F. HAN, Derek F. WONG and Lidia S. CHAO. (2012), "LEPOR: A Robust Evaluation Metric for Machine Translation with Augmented Factors", Proceedings of COLING, (pp. 441–450).
  48. Boxing Chen, Roland Kuhn and Samuel Larkin (2012): "PORT : a Precision-Order-Recall MT Evaluation Metric for Tuning", Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, (pp. 930-939).
  49. Ankush Gupta, Sriram Venkatapathy and Rajeev Sangal, "METEOR-Hindi: Automatic MT Evaluation Metric for Hindi as a Target Language", Proceedings of ICON-2010:8th International conference on Natural language processing, Macmillan Publishers, India.
  50. Aditi Kalyani , Hemant Kumud , Shashi Pal Singh , Ajai Kumar , Hemant Darbari, "Evaluation and Ranking of Machine Translated Output in Hindi Language using Precision and Recall Oriented Metrics", International Journal of Advanced Computer Research ,Volume-4 Number-1 Issue-14 March-2014.
  51. Aditi Kalyani, Hemant Kumud, Shashi Pal Singh, Ajai Kumar, "Assessing the Quality of MT Systems for Hindi to English Translation", IJCA, Volume 89 –No 15, March 2014.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Computational Linguistics Morphology