CFP last date
22 April 2024
Call for Paper
May Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming May edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 22 April 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Enhancing Privacy Preservation: Multi-Attribute Protection with P-Sensitive K-Anonymity

Twinkle Patel Kiran Amin
Random Articles
Reseach Article

LR3: Link Reliable Reactive Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

by Venkatesh, K. R. Venugopal, S. S. Iyengar, L. M. Patnaik
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 157 - Number 9
Year of Publication: 2017
Authors: Venkatesh, K. R. Venugopal, S. S. Iyengar, L. M. Patnaik
10.5120/ijca2017912808

Venkatesh, K. R. Venugopal, S. S. Iyengar, L. M. Patnaik . LR3: Link Reliable Reactive Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Computer Applications. 157, 9 ( Jan 2017), 14-22. DOI=10.5120/ijca2017912808

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2017912808,
author = { Venkatesh, K. R. Venugopal, S. S. Iyengar, L. M. Patnaik },
title = { LR3: Link Reliable Reactive Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Jan 2017 },
volume = { 157 },
number = { 9 },
month = { Jan },
year = { 2017 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 14-22 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume157/number9/26859-2017912808/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2017912808 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-07T00:03:28.288990+05:30
%A Venkatesh
%A K. R. Venugopal
%A S. S. Iyengar
%A L. M. Patnaik
%T LR3: Link Reliable Reactive Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 157
%N 9
%P 14-22
%D 2017
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Existing reliable-oriented routing protocols computes link reliability based on the packet reception ratio and neglects impact of various parameters such as noise, shadowing, battery-lifespan, uncertainty and geographic locations. In this paper, we propose a Link Reliable Reactive Routing (LR3) protocol for WSNs to accomplish reliable and resilience to out-of-order transmission and path diversity at each hop. The log-normal shadowing model is used to estimate link reliability and a back-off scheme is used to determine delay. A new cost estimated to find forwarding nodes on mentor path that includes link reliability, delay, status of queue at forwarding node and packet advancement at the forwarding node. LR3 is simulated using NS-2 and results show that it outperforms other reactive routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, link reliability and data transmission cost[1] [2].

References
  1. Zeng, Kai, Wenjing Lou, Jie Yang, and Donald R. Brown III, “On Throughput Efficiency of Geographic Opportunistic Routing in Multi-hop Wireless Networks”, Springer Journal on Mobile Networks and Applications vol. 12, no. 5-6, pp. 347-357, 2007.
  2. Niu J, Cheng L, Gu Y, Shu L, and Das S K, “R3E: Reliable Reactive Routing Enhancement for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 784-794, 2011.
  3. Gungor V and Hancke G, “Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, Design Principles, and Technical Approaches”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 4258–4265, Oct. 2009.
  4. Yoo SE, Chong PK, Kim D, Doh Y, Pham ML, Choi E, and Huh J. “Guaranteeing Real-Time Services for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks with IEEE 802.15. 4”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3868–3876, Nov. 2010.
  5. Venugopal K R, E Ezhil Rajan, and P Sreenivasa Kumar “Impact of Wavelength Converters in Wavelength Routed All-Optical Networks”, Computer Communications, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 244-257, February 1999.
  6. Venugopal K R, K G Srinivasa, and Lalit M Patnaik “Soft Computing for Data Mining Applications”, ISBN978-3-642-00192-5”, e-ISBN 978-3-642-00193-2, Springer Verlag, 2009.
  7. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, and Cayirci E, “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”, International Journal on Computer Networks, vol.38, no. 4, pp. 393-422, 2002.
  8. Yick J, Mukherjee B, and Ghosal D ”Wireless Sensor Network Survey”, International Journal on Computer Networks, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2292-2330, 2008.
  9. Wang, J., Zhai, H., Liu, W. and Fang, Y. “Reliable And Efficient Packet Forwarding by Utilizing Path Diversity in Wireless Ad hoc Networks”, In proceedings of IEEE Conference on Military Communications, MILCOM 2004, vol. 1, pp- 258-264, 2004.
  10. Long J, Dong M, Ota K, Liu A, and Hai S, “ Reliability Guar- anteed Efficient Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 430-443, 2015.
  11. Liu X, Zhao H, Yang X and Li X, “ SinkTrail: A Proactive Data Reporting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 151-162, 2013.
  12. Xue Y, Chang X, Zhong S and Zhuang Y, “An Efficient Energy Hole Alleviating Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 347- 355, 2014.
  13. Anitha Kanavalli, P Deepa Shenoy, Venugopal K R, and L M Patnaik, “A Flat Routing Protocol in Sensor Networks”, In proceedings of International Conference on Methods and Models in Computer Science, ISBN:978-1-4244-5051-0, pp. 1-5, December 14-16, 2009.
  14. Tarannum Suraiya, Srividya S, Asha D S, Padmini R, Nalini L, Venugopal, K R, and Patnaik L. M. “Dynamic Hierarchical Communication Paradigm for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Centralized Energy Efficient Approach”, In Proceedings of 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication System, pp. 959-963, November 19-21, 2008.
  15. Tarannum Suraiya, B Aravinda, L Nalini, K. R. Venugopal, and L M Patnaik, “Routing Protocol for Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications, pp. 401-406, December 20-23 2006.
  16. Manjula S H, C N Abhilash, K Shaila, K R Venugopal, and L M Patnaik, “Performance of AODV Routing Protocol using Group and Entity Mobility Models in Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, vol. 2, Hong Kong, March 19-21, 2008.
  17. HKD Sarma, Rajib Mall, and Avijit Kar, “E2R2: Energy- Efficient and Reliable Routing for Mobile Wireless Sensor Net- works”, IEEE Journal on Systems , vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 604-615, June 2016
  18. Zhezhuang Xu, Liquan Chen, Cailian Chen, and Xinping Guan, “Joint Clustering and Routing Design for Reliable and Efficient Data Collection in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Journal on Internet of Things, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 520-533, August 2016.
  19. Brar G S, Rani S, Chopra V, Malhotra R, Song H, and Ahmed SH, ”Energy Efficient Direction-Based PDORP Routing Protocol for WSN”, IEEE Access 4, pp. 3182-3194, July 2016.
  20. Hoang D C, Yadav P, Kumar R and Panda S K, “Real-time Implementation of a Harmony Search Algorithm-based Clustering Protocol for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 774- 783, 2014.
  21. Hai Lin, Lusheng Wang, and Ruoshan Kong, “Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Large-Scale Sensor Networks”, IEEE Sensor Journal, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 7150-7160, December 2015.
  22. Mao X, Tang S, Xu X, Li XY, and Ma H. ”Energy- Efficient Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1934-1942, 2011.
  23. Bruno, Raffaele, and Maddalena Nurchis. “Survey on Diversity-Based Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks: Challenges and solutions”, Journal of Computer Communications, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 269-282, 2010.
  24. P. T. A. Quang, and D.S. Kim, “Enhancing Real-Time Delivery of Gradient Routing for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 61–68, 2012.
  25. Shah, Rahul C., Sven Wietholter, Adam Wolisz, and Jan M. Rabaey “When Does Opportunistic Routing Make Sense?”, In Proceedings of Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2005 pp. 350-356, 2005.
  26. Kim, Kyu-Han, and Kang G. Shin. “On Accurate Measurement of Link Quality in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks.” In Proceedings of the 12th ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 38-49, 2006.
  27. Fonseca, Rodrigo Gnawali, Omprakash and Jamieson, Kyle and Levis, Philip “Four-Bits of Information for Wireless Link Estimation”, [Online]. Available https://sing.stanford.edu/pubs/sing- 07-00.pdf
  28. Zorzi, Michele, and Ramesh R. Rao. “Geographic Random For- warding (GeRaF) for Ad hoc and Sensor Networks: Energy and Latency Performance”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 349-365, 2003.
  29. Rozner, E., Seshadri, J., Mehta, Y. and Qiu, L “SOAR: Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Net- works ”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1622-1635, 2009.
  30. Sanchez, Juan A., Rafael Marin-Perez, and Pedro M. Ruiz. “BOSS: Beacon-Less On Demand Strategy for Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks.” In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, pp. 1-10, 2007.
  31. Wang X, Wang J, Lu K and Xu Y, “GKAR: A Novel Geographic K-Anycast Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 916-925, 2013.
  32. Pradittasnee L, Camtepe S, and Tian Y C, “Efficient Route Update and Maintenance for Reliable Routing in Large-Scale Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 32, no.99, May 2016.
  33. Mai Abdelhakim, Yuan Liang, and Tongtong Li, “Mobile Co- ordinated Wireless Sensor Network: An Energy Efficient Scheme for Real-Time Transmissions”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1663-1675, May 2016.
  34. Lu Z, Wen Y, Fan R, Tan S L and Biswas J, “Toward Efficient Distributed Algorithms for In-Network Binary Operator Tree Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 743-755, 2013.
  35. Rout R R and Ghosh S K, “Enhancement of Lifetime using Duty Cycle and Network Coding in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 656-667, 2013.
  36. Yanjun Yao, Qing Cao, and Athanasios Vasilakos, “EDAL: An Energy-Efficient Delay-Aware and Lifetime-Balancing Data Collection Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 810- 823, June 2015.
  37. Wang CF, Shih JD, Pan B H , and Wu T Y , “A Network Life- time Enhancement Method for Sink Relocation and its Analysis in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1932-1943, 2014.
  38. Takaishi D, Nishiyama H, Kato N, and Miura R, “Toward En- ergy Efficient Big Data Gathering in Densely Distributed Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 388-397, 2014.
  39. Madhumathy P, and Sivakumar D, “ Enabling Energy Efficient Sensory Data Collection using Multiple Mobile Sink”, China Communications, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 29-37, 2014.
  40. Kai Han, Jun Luo, Liu Xiang, Mingjun Xiao, and Liusheng Huang, “Achieving Energy Efficiency and Reliability for Data Dissemination in Duty-Cycled WSNs”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1041-1052, August 2015.
  41. Cao, Q., Abdelzaher, T., He, T. and Kravets, R., “Cluter-Based forwarding for Reliable End-To-End Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications IEEE-INFOCOM 2007, pp. 1928- 1936, 2007.
  42. Cao, Q., Abdelzaher, T., He, T. and Kravets, R, “Cluster-Based forwarding for Reliable End-To-End Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks”, 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. INFOCOM-2007, pp. 1928-1936, 2007.
  43. Huang, Xiaoxia, Hongqiang Zhai, and Yuguang F, “Robust Cooperative Routing Protocol in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5278-5285, 2008.
  44. Willig, and Andreas, “Recent and Emerging Topics in Wireless Industrial Communications: A Selection”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 102-124, 2008.
  45. Low, Kay Soon, Win Nu Nu Win, and Meng Joo Er, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Environments”, In proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce (CIMCA-IAWTIC’06), vol. 2, pp. 271-276, 2005.
  46. Gungor Vehbi C, and Frank C Lambert, “A Survey on Communication Networks for Electric System Automation”, The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 877-897, 2006.
  47. Bin Lu, and Vehbi C G, “Online and Remote Motor Energy Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics using Wireless Sensor Net- works”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 4651-4659, November 2009.
  48. T. Chiwewe and G. Hancke, “A Distributed Topology Control Technique for Low Interference and Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11–19, Feb. 2012.
  49. L Xue, X. Guan, Z Liu, and B Yang, “Tree: Routing Strategy with Guarantee of QOS for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 27, no.3, pp. 459-481, March 2014.
  50. Y. Li, C. S. Chen, Y.-Q. Song, Z. Wang, and Y. Sun, “Enhancing Real-Time Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks with Two-Hop Information”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 2009.
  51. J. Heo, J. Hong, and Y. Cho, “EARQ: Energy Aware Routing for Real-Time and Reliable Communication in Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 3–11, 2009.
  52. “Industrial Automation Protocol: Hart (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Addressable Remote Transducer) Communication Protocol,” [Online]. Available:http://en.hartcomm.org/hcp/tech/aboutprotocol/aboutprotocol- what.html “Wireless Systems for Automation.” [Online]. Available: http://www.isa.org
  53. Wireless Systems for Automation.” [Online]. Available: http://www.isa.org
  54. “Discrete Event Simulator: The Network simulator-NS-2”, [Online]. Available: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
  55. Venugopal K R, and Rajakumar Buyya, “Mastering C++”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw - Hill Education, ISBN (13): 978-1- 25902994-3, ISBN (10):1-25-902994-8, 2013.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Log-normal shadowing model mentor node forwarding node packet advancement link reliability

Powered by PhDFocusTM