CFP last date
22 April 2024
Call for Paper
May Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming May edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 22 April 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Enhancing Privacy Preservation: Multi-Attribute Protection with P-Sensitive K-Anonymity

Twinkle Patel Kiran Amin
Random Articles
Reseach Article

Usability, Accessibility and Web Security Assessment of E-government Websites in Tanzania

by Noe Elisa
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 164 - Number 5
Year of Publication: 2017
Authors: Noe Elisa
10.5120/ijca2017913632

Noe Elisa . Usability, Accessibility and Web Security Assessment of E-government Websites in Tanzania. International Journal of Computer Applications. 164, 5 ( Apr 2017), 42-48. DOI=10.5120/ijca2017913632

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2017913632,
author = { Noe Elisa },
title = { Usability, Accessibility and Web Security Assessment of E-government Websites in Tanzania },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Apr 2017 },
volume = { 164 },
number = { 5 },
month = { Apr },
year = { 2017 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 42-48 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume164/number5/27482-2017913632/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2017913632 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-07T00:10:30.031734+05:30
%A Noe Elisa
%T Usability, Accessibility and Web Security Assessment of E-government Websites in Tanzania
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 164
%N 5
%P 42-48
%D 2017
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

In spite of the fact that e-government agency (ega) in Tanzania emphasize on the use of ICT within public institutions in Tanzania, accessibility, usability and web security vulnerabilities are still not considered by the majority of web developers. The main objective of this study is to assess the usability, accessibility and web security vulnerabilities of selected Tanzania e-government websites. Using several automatic diagnostic (evaluation) tools such as pingdom, google speed insight, wave, w3c checker and acunetix, this study assess the usability, accessibility and web security vulnerabilities of 79 selected e-government websites in Tanzania. The results reveal several issues on usability, accessibility and security of Tanzania e-government websites. There is high number of usability problems where 100% of websites were found to have broken links and 52 out of 79 websites have loading time of more than five (5) seconds for their main page. The accessibility results show that all 79 selected websites have accessibility errors and violate w3c Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0. The results on web security vulnerabilities indicate that 40 out of 79 (50.6%) assessed websites have one or more high-severity vulnerability (SQL injection or cross site scripting-XSS) while 51 out of 79 (64.5%) have one or more medium-severity vulnerabilities (Cross site request forgery or Denial of Service). Based on these results, this study provides some recommendations for improving the usability, accessibility and web security vulnerabilities of public institutions in Tanzania.

References
  1. K. J. Mwangi, “Government Websites Usability and User Experience in Kenya,” p. 2013, 2013.
  2. K. Karunasena, “An investigation of the public value of e-government in Sri Lanka,” Ph.D Thesis, vol. RMIT Unive, no. March, 2012.
  3. S. Plan, “e-Government Agency 2012/2013,” no. July 2012, 2017.
  4. S. Gopinath, V. Senthooran, N. Lojenaa, and T. Kartheeswaran, “Usability and Accessibility Analysis of Selected Government Websites in Sri Lanka,” pp. 394–398, 2016.
  5. H. Nielsen, J. & Loranger, Prioritizing web usability. Berkeley, CA, United States: New Riders Press, 2006.
  6. G. Brajnik, “Automatic web usability evaluation: what needs to be done?,” in In Proc. 6th Conference on Human Factors and the Web, 2000.
  7. H. Petrie and N. Bevan, “The evaluation of accessibility , usability and user experience,” Univers. Access Handb., pp. 299–315, 2009.
  8. W. Chisholm, G. Vanderheiden, and I. Jacobs, “Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0,” Interactions, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 35–54, 2001.
  9. N. Sulaiman and M. Ghazali, “A Systematic Literature Review of Accessibility and Usability Framework for Disabled Users,” Ipcsit.Com, vol. 45, no. Icikm, pp. 185–189, 2012.
  10. L. Do, P. D. E. Design, and D. E. M. Gr, “Design, User Experience, and Usability: Novel User Experiences,” vol. 9747, no. November, 2016.
  11. H. D. P. P., “e-Government: Security Threats,” IEEE eGovernment STC, 2013.
  12. B. L. Srur and V. Muthukumarasamy, “Enhancing trust on e-Government: A Decision Fusion Module,” NSS 2009 - Netw. Syst. Secur., pp. 164–169, 2009.
  13. S. a. Alateyah, R. R. M. Crowder, and G. B. G. Wills, “An Exploratory study of proposed factors to Adopt e-government Services Saudi Arabia as a case study,” Int. J. Adv. Coputer Sci. Appl., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 57–66, 2013.
  14. J. Kaaya, “ Implementing e-Government Services in East Africa: Assessing Status through Content Analysis of Government Websites,” Electron. J. e-Government, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 39–54, 2004.
  15. Verizon Business, “2013 Data breach investigations report,” Trends, pp. 1–62, 2013.
  16. Acunetix, “Web Application Vulnerability Report,” 2015.
  17. Tanzania and NBS, “http://www.nbs.go.tz/,” 2016. .
  18. Tanzania and NBS, “http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/DisabilityTables/ILFS2014-DisabilitiesByGeography.pdf,” 2016.
  19. T. TCRA, “https://www.tcra.go.tz/index.php/publication-and-statistics/reports,” 2015.
  20. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN E-government survey 2016. E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development. 2016.
  21. M. N. Ombeni and KUMAR, “Guideline for Usability of Tanzania Universities Websites,” 2011.
  22. C. Ben and G. Reid, “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0,” 2008.
  23. N. E. Youngblood and S. A. Youngblood, “User Experience and Accessibility: An Analysis of County Web Portals,” J. Usability Stud., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25–41, 2013.
  24. Mohd Isa, “Assessing the Usability and Accessibility of Malaysia E-Government Website,” Am. J. Econ. Bus. Adm., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 40–46, 2011.
  25. R. Ismailova, “Web site accessibility, usability and security: a survey of government web sites in Kyrgyz Republic,” Univers. Access Inf. Soc., 2015.
  26. J. Choudrie, G. Ghinea, and V. Weerakkody, “Evaluating Global e-Government Sites: A View using Web Diagnostic Tools,” Electron. J. e-Government, vol. 2, no. Oecd, pp. 105–114, 2004.
  27. E. N. Asiimwe and N. Lim, “Usability of Government Websites in Uganda,” Electron. J. e-Government, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2010.
  28. C. Study, “Usability of E-government Portals in China.”
  29. Y. B. Kim, “Accessibility and usability of user-centric web interaction with a unified-ubiquitous name-based directory service,” World Wide Web, vol. 13, no. 1–2, pp. 105–120, 2010.
  30. M. Katre, Dinesh and Gupta, “Expert usability evaluation of 28 state government web portals of India,” Int. J. Public Inf. Syst., vol. 7, no. 3, 2011.
  31. A. Abanumy, A. Al-badi, and P. Mayhew, “e-Government Website Accessibility : In-Depth Evaluation of Saudi Arabia and Oman,” Electron. J. e-Government, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 99–106, 2005.
  32. J. M. Kuzma, “Accessibility design issues with UK e-government sites,” Gov. Inf. Q., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 141–146, 2010.
  33. A. Kaur and D. Dani, “Banking websites in India: an accessibility evaluation,” CSI Trans. ICT, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 23–34, 2014.
  34. V. Moen and A. N. Klingsheim, “Vulnerabilities in e-governments Kent Inge Fagerland Simonsen and,” Security, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 89–100, 2007.
  35. J. Ouoba, D. Ahmat, B. Cedric, M. Bikienga, A. Sere, and O. Si, “Vulnerabilities of Government Websites in a Developing Country – The Case of Burkina Faso e To cite this version :,” no. Africomm 2015, pp. 11–14.
  36. J. Nielsen, “Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity,” Nielsen Norman Gr., 2000.
  37. K. Andy, “eGovernment Site Credibility: Comparing Speed, Accessibility, Typos, and Validity,” Website Perform. news views, 2013.
  38. M. Robert, “Response time in man-computer conversational transactions,” in AFIPS ’68 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part, 1968, pp. 267–277.
  39. a Bouch, N. Bhatti, and a Kuchinsky, “Quality is in the eye of the beholder: meeting users’ requirements for Internet Quality of Service,” Proc. CHI 2000, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 297–304, 2000.
  40. SEO_online_tool, “Website Page Size Checker: http://smallseotools.com/website-page-size-checker/,” 2016.
  41. WebSiteOptimization.com, “Average Web Page Breaks: http://www.websiteoptimization.com/speed/tweak/average-web-page/,” 2016.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Accessibility Usability Web Security Vulnerabilities e-government Websites.

Powered by PhDFocusTM