CFP last date
22 April 2024
Reseach Article

Robust Face Detection using Convolutional Neural Network

by Robert Yao Aaronson, Wu Chen, Ben-Bright Benuwa
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 170 - Number 6
Year of Publication: 2017
Authors: Robert Yao Aaronson, Wu Chen, Ben-Bright Benuwa
10.5120/ijca2017914855

Robert Yao Aaronson, Wu Chen, Ben-Bright Benuwa . Robust Face Detection using Convolutional Neural Network. International Journal of Computer Applications. 170, 6 ( Jul 2017), 14-20. DOI=10.5120/ijca2017914855

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2017914855,
author = { Robert Yao Aaronson, Wu Chen, Ben-Bright Benuwa },
title = { Robust Face Detection using Convolutional Neural Network },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Jul 2017 },
volume = { 170 },
number = { 6 },
month = { Jul },
year = { 2017 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 14-20 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume170/number6/28073-2017914855/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2017914855 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-07T00:17:45.036508+05:30
%A Robert Yao Aaronson
%A Wu Chen
%A Ben-Bright Benuwa
%T Robust Face Detection using Convolutional Neural Network
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 170
%N 6
%P 14-20
%D 2017
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Faces epitomize multifaceted dimensional meaningful visual stimuli which is a challenge for face detectors in detecting faces which is not in perfect conditions, a situation which happens often than not in real life, hence difficult developing a model for its recognition computationally. In this study, recognition rate, classification performance, estimation rate and preprocessing, and execution time of facial detection systems are improved. This is supported by the implementation of varied approaches. The face detection aspect is handled by the adaptation of Viola Jones descriptor and down-sampled by the Bessel transform which reduces feature extraction space to augment processing time. Gabor feature extractions were passed afterwards to extract thousands of facial features representing various facial deformation patterns. A deep convolutionary based Ada-boost hypothesis is carried out to select a few out of the many neurons features extracted to augment classification which are later fed into the classifier through a back-propagation algorithm. The convolutional neural network (CNN) make available for partial invariance to translation, rotation, scale, and deformation which extracts uninterruptedly larger features in a hierarchical set of layers. The results of the proposed approach were very encouraging and demonstrate superiority when compared with other state-of-the-art techniques.

References
  1. 1. Schmitter, A.M. and J. Montagu, The Expression of the Passions: The Origin and Influence of Charles LeBrun's" Conférence sur l'expression générale et particulière". 1996, JSTOR.
  2. Fridlund, A.J., Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. 2014: Academic Press.
  3. Ekman, P. and W.V. Friesen, Facial action coding system. 1977.
  4. Ellsworth, P.C. and C.A. Smith, From appraisal to emotion: Differences among unpleasant feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 1988. 12(3): p. 271-302.
  5. Bruce, V., What the human face tells the human mind: Some challenges for the robot-human interface. Advanced Robotics, 1993. 8(4): p. 341-355.
  6. Brockhausen, P., T. Joachims, and K. Morik, Combining statistical learning with a knowledge-based approach. 1999, Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund.
  7. Belhumeur, P.N., J.P. Hespanha, and D.J. Kriegman, Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 1997. 19(7): p. 711-720.
  8. Wu, J., et al., Fast asymmetric learning for cascade face detection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2008. 30(3): p. 369-382.
  9. Delac, K., M. Grgic, and S. Grgic, Independent comparative study of PCA, ICA, and LDA on the FERET data set. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 2005. 15(5): p. 252-260.
  10. Tan, X., et al., Face recognition from a single image per person: A survey. Pattern recognition, 2006. 39(9): p. 1725-1745.
  11. Turk, M. and A. Pentland, Eigenfaces for recognition. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 1991. 3(1): p. 71-86.
  12. Al Daoud, J.E., Enhancement of the face recognition using a modified Fourier-Gabor filter. Int. J. Advance. Soft Comput. Appl, 2009. 1(2).
  13. Mahmoud, S.A. and W.G. Al-Khatib, Recognition of Arabic (Indian) bank check digits using log-Gabor filters. Applied Intelligence, 2011. 35(3): p. 445-456.
  14. Farfade, S.S., M.J. Saberian, and L.-J. Li. Multi-view face detection using deep convolutional neural networks. in Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. 2015. ACM.
  15. Taigman, Y., et al. Deepface: Closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification. in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2014.
  16. Girshick, R., et al. Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. in Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2014.
  17. Van de Sande, K.E., et al. Segmentation as selective search for object recognition. in Computer Vision (ICCV), 2011 IEEE International Conference on. 2011. IEEE.
  18. Van Kleef, J., Towards Human-like Performance Face Detection: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach. 2016.
  19. Rocco, I., R. Arandjelović, and J. Sivic, Convolutional neural network architecture for geometric matching. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.05593, 2017.
  20. Viola, P. and M.J. Jones, Robust real-time face detection. International journal of computer vision, 2004. 57(2): p. 137-154.
  21. Sridharan, M., et al., NVGRE: Network virtualization using generic routing encapsulation. IETF draft, 2011.
  22. Muñoz, A., T. Blu, and M. Unser, Least-squares image resizing using finite differences. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2001. 10(9): p. 1365-1378.
  23. Owusu, E., Y. Zhan, and Q.R. Mao, An SVM-AdaBoost facial expression recognition system. Applied intelligence, 2014. 40(3): p. 536-545.
  24. Owusu, E., Y. Zhan, and Q.R. Mao, A neural-AdaBoost based facial expression recognition system. Expert Systems with Applications, 2014. 41(7): p. 3383-3390.
  25. Shen, L. and L. Bai. AdaBoost Gabor feature selection for classification. in Proc. of Image and Vision Computing NewZealand. 2004.
  26. Vaillant, R., C. Monrocq, and Y. Le Cun, Original approach for the localisation of objects in images. IEE Proceedings-Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 1994. 141(4): p. 245-250.
  27. Fukushima, K. and S. Miyake, Neocognitron: A self-organizing neural network model for a mechanism of visual pattern recognition, in Competition and cooperation in neural nets. 1982, Springer. p. 267-285.
  28. Felzenszwalb, P., D. McAllester, and D. Ramanan. A discriminatively trained, multiscale, deformable part model. in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on. 2008. IEEE.
  29. Samaria, F.S. and A.C. Harter. Parameterisation of a stochastic model for human face identification. in Applications of Computer Vision, 1994., Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on. 1994. IEEE.
  30. Benuwa, B.B., et al. A Review of Deep Machine Learning. in International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa. 2016. Trans Tech Publ.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Deep learning face detection convolutional neural network computer vision Ada-boost.