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ESP32-based Car Battery Drainage Detection and Selective Load Control System with GSM Alert Mechanism

by Aayush Khatu, Tanay Bhamare, Manasi Nanaware, Anya Teli, Anup Date
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 187 - Number 136
Year of Publication: 2026
Authors: Aayush Khatu, Tanay Bhamare, Manasi Nanaware, Anya Teli, Anup Date
10.5120/ijca43c4aa7f0561

Aayush Khatu, Tanay Bhamare, Manasi Nanaware, Anya Teli, Anup Date . ESP32-based Car Battery Drainage Detection and Selective Load Control System with GSM Alert Mechanism. International Journal of Computer Applications. 187, 136 ( Aug 2026), 44-49. DOI=10.5120/ijca43c4aa7f0561

@article{ 10.5120/ijca43c4aa7f0561,
author = { Aayush Khatu, Tanay Bhamare, Manasi Nanaware, Anya Teli, Anup Date },
title = { ESP32-based Car Battery Drainage Detection and Selective Load Control System with GSM Alert Mechanism },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Aug 2026 },
volume = { 187 },
number = { 136 },
month = { Aug },
year = { 2026 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 44-49 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume187/number136/esp32-based-car-battery-drainage-detection-and-selective-load-control-system-with-gsm-alert-mechanism/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca43c4aa7f0561 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2026-08-20T21:55:02.707027+05:30
%A Aayush Khatu
%A Tanay Bhamare
%A Manasi Nanaware
%A Anya Teli
%A Anup Date
%T ESP32-based Car Battery Drainage Detection and Selective Load Control System with GSM Alert Mechanism
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 187
%N 136
%P 44-49
%D 2026
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Battery depletion in stationary vehicles is one of the most common reasons for automotive breakdowns worldwide. When a vehicle stays parked for long periods, the cumulative current drawn by control units, telematics modules, alarm systems, and other always-active electronics can quietly drain the 12 V lead-acid starter battery to the point where the engine cannot start. Current solutions—such as dashboard voltage gauges, Bluetooth-connected monitors, and proprietary OEM telematics—are mainly passive; they observe and report but do not actively stop the discharge process. This paper presents and experimentally validates a fully integrated, microcontroller-driven battery protection system based on the ESP32 system-on-chip and the SIM800L quad-band GSM module. The system continuously monitors battery terminal voltage using a precision resistive voltage-divider circuit and applies a dual-threshold detection algorithm. An SMS alert is sent via the cellular network when the voltage drops below 11.8 V; when the voltage reaches 11.2 V, a staged relay-based load-disconnection sequence is triggered. The ESP32 operates mainly in deep sleep mode, consuming only 48 µA when idle. Prototype tests on a 45 Ah flooded lead-acid battery showed an RMSE of 0.038 V, average SMS delivery time of 4.3 seconds, and successful staged relay load disconnection. Following load shedding, functional battery life was extended 4.7×. Total component cost is approximately ₹1,850 (US$22), making this solution affordable for retrofitting in conventional vehicles.

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Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

ESP32; Vehicle Battery Protection; Smart Battery Management System; GSM Communication; SIM800L; Selective Load Isolation; Deep Sleep Mode; Lead-Acid Battery; Parasitic Drain; IoT-Embedded Systems; Relay Control; Threshold Detection

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