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Design and Theoretical Framework of a GPS-Enabled Smart Cane for the Visually Impaired

Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar Ayman Raeef Khan Md. Sahidullah
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Design and Theoretical Framework of a GPS-Enabled Smart Cane for the Visually Impaired

by Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar, Ayman Raeef Khan, Md. Sahidullah
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International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 187 - Number 16
Year of Publication: 2025
Authors: Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar, Ayman Raeef Khan, Md. Sahidullah
10.5120/ijca2025925216

Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar, Ayman Raeef Khan, Md. Sahidullah . Design and Theoretical Framework of a GPS-Enabled Smart Cane for the Visually Impaired. International Journal of Computer Applications. 187, 16 ( Jun 2025), 6-11. DOI=10.5120/ijca2025925216

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2025925216,
author = { Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar, Ayman Raeef Khan, Md. Sahidullah },
title = { Design and Theoretical Framework of a GPS-Enabled Smart Cane for the Visually Impaired },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Jun 2025 },
volume = { 187 },
number = { 16 },
month = { Jun },
year = { 2025 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 6-11 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume187/number16/design-and-theoretical-framework-of-a-gps-enabled-smart-cane-for-the-visually-impaired/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2025925216 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2025-06-26T19:04:59+05:30
%A Sk. Md Azmayeen Tajwar
%A Ayman Raeef Khan
%A Md. Sahidullah
%T Design and Theoretical Framework of a GPS-Enabled Smart Cane for the Visually Impaired
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 187
%N 16
%P 6-11
%D 2025
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

This paper proposes a comprehensive design for a GPS-enabled smart cane aimed at enhancing mobility for visually impaired users. The system integrates ultrasonic sensors, infrared night-vision capabilities, voice feedback, and GPS/GSM navigation modules, all controlled by an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller and powered by a rechargeable 9V battery. The cane uses a lightweight PVC pipe as its frame and includes LEDs for illumination. Developed a theoretical framework and methodology for experimental validation, including sensor calibration, data collection, and model training to detect obstacles and guide navigation. In testing, the smart cane demonstrated a significant reduction in collision rate (by approximately 60% compared to a traditional cane) and maintained reliable performance in low light and outdoor conditions. This is comparable to prior results (e.g., a Stanford prototype increased walking speed by 20%). The results are discussed in light of existing assistive technologies, highlighting improvements over basic ultrasonic-only designs. The paper concludes with a discussion of ethical considerations (user safety, privacy) and outlines future work to add AI-based vision and cloud connectivity.

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Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Smart Cane Visually Impaired Assistive Technology GPS Navigation Ultrasonic Sensors Voice Assistance Night Vision Obstacle Detection Mobility Aid Low-Cost Design

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