This paper delves into the multifaceted nature of ransomware, a type of malware that restricts user access to their digital devices and/or data, demanding payment for its release. The study begins by tracing the evolution of ransomware from its rudimentary origins, exemplified by the AIDS Trojan in 1989, to the sophisticated cyber extortion schemes of the present day. It highlights the financial motivations behind ransomware attacks, distinguishing them from other forms of malware, and categorizes the various types of ransomwares, such as crypto malware, lockers, scareware, and doxware, each with its own modus operandi. The paper also analyzes the ethical quandaries that arise from ransomware attacks, examining the motivations and targets of cybercriminals, the varying responses of victimized entities, and the broader ethical implications of paying ransoms. Furthermore, it presents a study on the behavioral changes and risk perceptions of victims’ post-attack, shedding light on the psychological and practical aftermath of ransomware incidents. The paper concludes by underscoring the escalating threat of ransomware, advocating for enhanced protective measures, and stressing the importance of legal and ethical frameworks to address this complex cybercrime.

Ransomware Cyber Ethics Cyber Security Malware Data Encryption Ransom Payment Ethical Dilem- mas Post-Attack Behavior Risk Perception Cybercrime Data Recovery Prevention Strategies