CFP last date
22 December 2025
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 22 December 2025

Submit your paper
Know more
Random Articles
Reseach Article

A Review on Analyzing and Predicting At-risk Students by Means of Enhanced Deep Learning Models

by Reshma Nagawade, Nita Patil, Ajay S. Patil
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 187 - Number 55
Year of Publication: 2025
Authors: Reshma Nagawade, Nita Patil, Ajay S. Patil
10.5120/ijca2025925933

Reshma Nagawade, Nita Patil, Ajay S. Patil . A Review on Analyzing and Predicting At-risk Students by Means of Enhanced Deep Learning Models. International Journal of Computer Applications. 187, 55 ( Nov 2025), 18-22. DOI=10.5120/ijca2025925933

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2025925933,
author = { Reshma Nagawade, Nita Patil, Ajay S. Patil },
title = { A Review on Analyzing and Predicting At-risk Students by Means of Enhanced Deep Learning Models },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Nov 2025 },
volume = { 187 },
number = { 55 },
month = { Nov },
year = { 2025 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 18-22 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume187/number55/a-review-on-analyzing-and-predicting-at-risk-students-by-means-of-enhanced-deep-learning-models/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2025925933 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2025-11-18T21:10:54.406832+05:30
%A Reshma Nagawade
%A Nita Patil
%A Ajay S. Patil
%T A Review on Analyzing and Predicting At-risk Students by Means of Enhanced Deep Learning Models
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 187
%N 55
%P 18-22
%D 2025
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

A critical job for guaranteeing at-risk students' academic achievement and wellbeing in educational environments is to identify and support them. Traditional techniques of identifying at-risk students frequently rely on subjective evaluations which can be labour-intensive, time-consuming. Researchers have looked into the possibilities of deep learning models in analyzing and forecasting at-risk students in light of the introduction of cutting-edge technology and the availability of large-scale educational data. The purpose of this review is to offer a thorough overview of the research on improved deep learning models for identifying and forecasting at-risk students. The review's conclusions suggested that a variety of Deep Learning (DL) techniques are employed to comprehend and resolve these problems, including identifying at-risk students and dropout rates.

References
  1. Adnan et al. 2021 Predicting at-risk students at different percentages of course length for early intervention using machine learning models. IEEE Access, 9, 7519-7539
  2. Madsen et al. 2021 Are Teacher Students’ Deep Learning and Critical Thinking at Risk of Being Limited in Digital Learning Environments? In Teacher Education in the 21st Century-Emerging Skills for a Changing World. IntechOpen
  3. Chen and Liu. 2018. Technology advances in flexible displays and substrates. Ieee Access, 1, 150-158.
  4. Marbouti et al. (2016) Models for early prediction of at-risk students in a course using standards-based grading. Computers & Education, 103, 1-15.
  5. Alhothali et al. (2022) Predicting Student Outcomes in Online Courses Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review. Sustainability, 14(10), 6199. (2022)
  6. Brdesee et al.: Predictive Model Using a Machine Learning Approach for Enhancing the Retention Rate of Students At-Risk. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), 18(1), 1-21
  7. Chounta et al. (2020) From data to intervention: predicting students at-risk in a higher education institution. In Companion Proceedings 10th International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK20).
  8. Nabil et al. (2021) Prediction of students’ academic performance based on courses’ grades using deep neural networks. IEEE Access, 9, 140731-140746.
  9. Uliyan et al. (2021) Deep learning model to predict students’ retention using BLSTM and CRF. IEEE Access, 9, 135550-135558.
  10. Shafiq et al. (2022) Student Retention Using Educational Data Mining and Predictive Analytics: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access.
  11. Azcona et al. (2019) Detecting students-at-risk in computer programming classes with learning analytics from students’ digital footprints. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 29, 759-788
  12. Tsiakmaki et al. (2022) Transfer learning from deep neural networks for predicting student performance. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 2145.
  13. J.Gu et al. (2018) Recent advances in convolutional neural networks, Pattern Recognit. 77 354–377.
  14. Yang et al. (2020) Using convolutional neural network to recognize learning images for early warning of at-risk students. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 13(3), 617-630.
  15. Adewale Amoo et al. (2018) Predictive modelling and analysis of academic performance of secondary school students: Artificial Neural Network approach. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Educ. Res., 9, 1–8.
  16. Iyana et al. (2018) Predicting Student Academic Performance in Computer Science Courses: A Comparison of Neural Network Models. Int. J. Mod. Educ. Computer. Sci. 2018, 10, 1–9.
  17. He et al. (2020) Online At-Risk Student Identification Using RNN-GRU Joint Neural Networks. Inf., 11, 474.
  18. Dupond, S. 2019. A thorough review on the current advance of neural network structures, Annual Reviews in Control, Vol. 14, pp. 200–230.
  19. Siami-Namini et al.2019. The performance of lstm and bilstm in forecasting time series. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), p. 3285–292.IEEE
  20. Gast, Roth. 2018. Lightweight probabilistic deep networks, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3369–3378
  21. Xu Lui et al.2019. Modeling tabular data using conditional gan, in: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. arXiv:1907.00503; p. 7333–43
  22. Chui et al. 2020 Predicting Students’ Performance with School and Family Tutoring Using Generative Adversarial Network-Based Deep Support Vector Machine. IEEE Access 2020;8:86745–52.
  23. Brdesee et al.2022. Predictive Model Using a Machine Learning Approach for Enhancing the Retention Rate of Students At-Risk. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), 18(1), 1-21.
  24. Al-Shabandar et al. 2019. Detecting at-risk students with early interventions using machine learning techniques. IEEE Access, 7, 149464-149478.
  25. Aljohan et al.2019 Predicting at-risk students using clickstream data in the virtual learning environment. Sustainability, 11(24), 7238.
  26. Susheelamma et al.2019 Student risk identification learning model using machine learning approach. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9(5), 3872
  27. Waheed et al.2020 Predicting academic performance of students from VLE big data using deep learning models. Computers in Human behavior, 104, 106189
  28. Barbosa et al 2017. A machine learning approach to identify and prioritize college students at risk of dropping out.
  29. M. Hlosta, D. Herrmannova, L. Vachova, J. Kuzilek, Z. Zdrahal,and A. Wolff, 2018. Modelling student online behaviour in a virtual learning environment. arXiv:1811.06369.
  30. Pereira et al. 2020. Deep learning for early performance prediction of introductory programming students: a comparative and explanatory study. Brazilian journal of computers in education., 28, 723-749.
  31. Hussain et al. 2021 Regression analysis of student academic performance using deep learning. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 783-798.
  32. Xing, Du.2019. Dropout prediction in MOOCs: Using deep learning for personalized intervention. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(3), 547-570.
  33. Kusumawardani, Alfarozi. 2023. Transformer Encoder Model for Sequential Prediction of Student and Performance Based on Their Log Activities. IEEE Access, 11, 18960-18971.
  34. Lottering, R., Hans, R., & Lall, M. 2020. A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Students at Risk of Dropout: A Case Study. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 11(10), 417-422.
  35. Chen, Y.; Johri, A.; Rangwala, H. 2018. Running out of STEM: A comparative study across STEM majors of college students At-Risk of dropping out early. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, Sydney, Australia, pp. 270–279.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Machine Learning (ML) prediction of at-risk students Deep Learning (DL)