CFP last date
20 May 2024
Call for Paper
June Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming June edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 May 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Enhancing Privacy Preservation: Multi-Attribute Protection with P-Sensitive K-Anonymity

Twinkle Patel Kiran Amin
Random Articles
Reseach Article

Degradation Measures in Free Space Optical Communication (FSO) and its Mitigation Techniques - A Review

by Vishal Sharma, Gurimandeep Kaur
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 55 - Number 1
Year of Publication: 2012
Authors: Vishal Sharma, Gurimandeep Kaur
10.5120/8719-2585

Vishal Sharma, Gurimandeep Kaur . Degradation Measures in Free Space Optical Communication (FSO) and its Mitigation Techniques - A Review. International Journal of Computer Applications. 55, 1 ( October 2012), 23-27. DOI=10.5120/8719-2585

@article{ 10.5120/8719-2585,
author = { Vishal Sharma, Gurimandeep Kaur },
title = { Degradation Measures in Free Space Optical Communication (FSO) and its Mitigation Techniques - A Review },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { October 2012 },
volume = { 55 },
number = { 1 },
month = { October },
year = { 2012 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 23-27 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume55/number1/8719-2585/ },
doi = { 10.5120/8719-2585 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T20:56:09.607610+05:30
%A Vishal Sharma
%A Gurimandeep Kaur
%T Degradation Measures in Free Space Optical Communication (FSO) and its Mitigation Techniques - A Review
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 55
%N 1
%P 23-27
%D 2012
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Unlike radio and microwave systems, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical technology which requires no spectrum licensing or frequency coordination with other users and provides secure transmission because of negligible interception by using point-to-point laser signals in conjunction with low errors than that of optical fiber transmission. This paper is an endeavor to thrash out about internal and external parameters that degrade the performance of FSO systems in conjunction with the alleviation techniques to realize a high speed, bandwidth efficient long haul FSO transmission system.

References
  1. Zin, A. M, Bongsu, M. S, Idrus. S. M, Zulkifl, N. , "An overview of radio-over-fiber network technology", IEEE International Conference on Photonics (ICP), pp: 1-3, 2010.
  2. Chan, V. W. S. , "Optical space communications: a key building block for wide area space networks", Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, volume 1, pp: 41-42, 1999.
  3. Chan, V. W. S. , "Free-Space Optical Communications", Journal of Lightwave Technology, volume 24, Issue 12, pp: 4750-4762, 2006.
  4. Willebrand, H. A. , Ghuman, B. S. , "Fiber optics without fiber", Spectrum, IEEE, volume 38, Issue 8, pp: 40-45, 2001.
  5. R. K. Crane and Horng-Chung Shich, "A Two-Component for the Prediction of Site Diversity Performance", Journal of Radio Science, volume 24, Issue 5, pp: 641-655, 1989.
  6. Zhuanhong Jia, Qinglin Zhu, Faliang Ao, "Atmospheric Attenuation Analysis in the FSO Link", International technology on Communication Technology (ICCT), pp: 1- 4, 2006.
  7. Binbin Wu, Zeinab Hajjarian and Mohsen Kavehrad, "Free space optical communications through clouds: analysis of signal characteristics", Applied Optics, volume 47, Issue 17, pp: 3168-3176, 2008.
  8. Ananda Ekaputera Sidarta, "Free Space Optics (FSO) Links in Singapore: Scintillation Effects", 9th National Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme Congress 2003, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
  9. Gurdeep Singh, Tanvir Singh, Vinaykant, Vasishath Kaushal, "Free Space Optics: Atmospheric Effects & Back Up", International Journal of Research in Computer Science, volume 1, Issue 1, pp: 25-30, 2011.
  10. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb E. , Koudelka, O. , Javornic, T. , Kandus, G. , "Comparing the rain effects on hybrid network using optical wireless and GHz links", 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), pp: 156-161, 2008.
  11. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb, E. , Kvicera, V. , Grabner, M. , Awan, M. S. , Kandus, G. , "Simulation and analysis of FSO/RF switch over for different atmospheric effects", 10th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), pp: 39-43, 2009.
  12. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb, E. , Awan, M. S. , Kandus, G. , "Forward prediction of FSO received signal for FSO/RF hybrid network", International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC), pp: 196-200, 2009.
  13. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb, E. , Awan, M. S. , Kandus, G. , "Optical wavelengths comparison for different weather conditions", International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC), pp: 279-283, 2009.
  14. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb, E. , Awan, M. S. , Loeschnig, M. , Kandus, G. , "Comparison of FSO 10 Micrometer Availability with FSO 850 nm/RF Hybrid Network Availability", IEEE, 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VCT-Fall), pp: 1-4, 2009.
  15. Nadeem, F. , Leitgeb, E. , Awan, M. S. , Kandus, G. , "FSO/RF Hybrid Network Availability Analysis Under Different Weather Condition" 3rd International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST), pp: 239-244, 2009.
  16. T. H. Carbonneau, D. R. Wisley, "Opportunities and Challenges for optical wireless; the competitive advantage of free space telecommunications links in today's crowded market place", SPIE Conference on Optical Wireless Communications, Masachusetts, volume 3232, Issue 119, 1998.
  17. H. C Van de Hulst, "Light scattering by small particles", Dover publication, New York, 1981.
  18. D. Atlas, "Shorter Contribution Optical Extinction by Rainfall", Journal of Metrology, volume 10, Issue 6, pp: 486-488, 1953.
  19. F. Nadeem, E. Leitgeb, O. Koudelka, "Comparing the rain effects on hybrid network using optical wireless and GHz links", 4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET), pp: 156-161, 2008.
  20. ITU-R, P. 838-1: Specific Attenuation Model for Rain for use in Prediction Methods.
  21. R. K. Crane, "Prediction of Attenuation by Rain", IEEE Transactions on Communications, volume 28, Issue 9, pp: 1717-1733, 1980.
  22. R. K. Crane, "A Two Component Rain Model for the Prediction of Attenuation Statistics", Journal of Radio Science, volume 20, pp: 1371-1382, 1982.
  23. G. Brussaard, P. A. Watson, "Atmospheric Modelling and Millimetre Wave Propagation", Springer publication, ISBN: 978-0-412-56230-3, 1994.
  24. Sekine, M. , Chii-Dong Chen, Musha, T. , "Rain attenuation from log-normal and Weibull raindrop-size distributions", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, volume 35, Issue 3, pp: 358-359, 1987.
  25. E. Damosso, G. de Renzis, F. Fedi and P. Migliorini "A systematic comparison of rain attenuation prediction methods of terrestrial paths", Paper presented at URSI open symposium on effects of lower atmosphere on radio frequencies above 1 GHz, Lennoxville, Que. volume 35, pp: 463-469, 1980.
  26. Upton, S. A. J. , Evans, B. G. , Holt, A. R. , "Effects of drop size and temperature on forward and backward scattering of microwaves by raindrops", IET Journals and Magazines on Electronics Letters, volume 15, Issue 23, pp: 760-762, 1979.
  27. Haim Manor and Sholmi Arnon, "Performance of an optical wireless communication system as a function of wavelength", Journal of Applied Optics, Issue 21, volume 42, 2003.
  28. Prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial free-space optical links, ITU-R Recommendation P. 1814, 2007.
  29. Isaae I. Kim, Bruce McArthur and Eric Korevaar, "Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785 nm and 1550 nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications", Proc. SPIE, volume 4214, pp: 26-37, 2001.
  30. Awan, M. S. , Leitgeb, E. , Marzuki, Khan, M. S. , Nadeem, F. , Capsoni, C. , "Evaluation of fog attenuation results for optical wireless links in free space", International workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC), IEEE, pp: 112-114, 2008.
  31. A. Belmonte and J. M. Kahn, "Analysis of a Field-Conjugation Adaptive Arrary for Coherent Free-Space Optical Links", Proceedings of OSA Topical Meeting on applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications, 2010.
  32. A. Belmonte and J. M. Kahn, "Capacity of Coherent Free-Space Optical Links using Diversity Combining techniques", Journal of Optics Express, volume 17, Issue 15, pp: 12601-12611, 2009.
  33. A. Belmonte and J. M. Kahn, "Field Conjugation Adaptive Arrays in Free-Space Coherent Laser Communications", Journal of Optical Communication Network, volume 3, Issue 11, pp: 830-838, 2011.
  34. E. J. Lee and V. W. Chan, "Diversity coherent and incoherent receivers for Free-Space Optical Communication in the presence and absence of interference", Journal of Optical Communication Network, volume 1, pp: 463-483, 2009.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

FSO systems Attenuation Diversity techniques

Powered by PhDFocusTM