The week's pick
Random Articles
Reseach Article
Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Free-Space Optical Mobile Ad hoc Networks (FSO/RF MANET)
| International Journal of Computer Applications |
| Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA |
| Volume 60 - Number 10 |
| Year of Publication: 2012 |
| Authors: D. Kishore Kumar, Y. S. S. R. Murthy |
10.5120/9725-3630
|
D. Kishore Kumar, Y. S. S. R. Murthy . Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Free-Space Optical Mobile Ad hoc Networks (FSO/RF MANET). International Journal of Computer Applications. 60, 10 ( December 2012), 1-7. DOI=10.5120/9725-3630
Abstract
The existing routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network such as DSDV, AODV, DSR, ZRP, SRL, HSR, etc cannot be utilized for FSO/RF MANET owing to certain disjoint characteristics of free space optical (FSO) and MANET. The characteristics include accommodating directionality, accuracy in routing information, memory, reduced overhead and delay. In this paper, a hierarchical routing protocol for FSO/RF MANET is proposed. In this protocol, a network connector which connects the hybrid networks is defined. The cluster formation is based on Neighborhood Discovery Algorithm. In each cluster, the node, which is nearer to the network connector, is elected as cluster head. Each network connector gathers information of all cluster members and their CH and builds a routing table using network connector discovery algorithm. When the source node of a network wants to send data to destination node in another network, FSO/RF MANET routing protocol is used. Simulation result, show that the proposed routing protocol minimizes the delay while enhancing the end-to-end throughput.
References
- Sans Institute Infosec, "Free-Space Optics: A Viable, Secure Last-Mile Solution?" www. sans. org/. . . /free-space-optics-viable-secure-last-mil.
- Mehmet Bilgi and Murat Yuksel, "Multi-Element Free-Space-Optical Spherical Structures with Intermittent Connectivity Patterns" IEEE Infocom, 2008.
- Jason Derenick, Christopher Thorne and John Spletzer, "On the Deployment of a Hybrid Free-space Optic/Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) Mobile Ad-hoc Network", IEEE Intelligent Robot and Systems, 2005.
- Amjad Umar, "Ten Emerging Wireless Networks: UWB, FSO, MANET and Flash OFDM", www. amjadumar. com.
- Behrooz Nakhkoob, Mehmet Bilgi, Murat Yuksel, and Mona Hella, "Multi Transceiver Optical Wireless Spherical Structures for MANETs", IEEE Journals on Selected Areas in Communications, 2009.
- Jason Derenick, Christopher Thorne and John Spletzer, "Hybrid Free-Space Optics/Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) Networks for Mobile Robot Teams", Multi Robot Systems, 2005.
- Bow-Nan Cheng, Murat Yuksel, Shivkumar and Kalyanaraman, "Using Directionality in Mobile Routing", IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2008.
- Unoma Ndili Okorafor and Deepa Kundur, "Efficient Routing Protocols for a Free Space Optical Sensor Network", IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Network, 2005.
- Abhishek Kashyap, Anuj Rawat and Mark Shayman, "Integrated Backup Topology Control and Routing of Obscured Traffic in Hybrid RF/FSO Networks", IEEE Globe COM, 2006.
- www. wikipedia. org
- Ziping Hu, Pramode Verma, and James Sluss Jr, "Routing in Degree-constrained FSO Mesh Networks", International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 2009.
- D. B. Johnson and D. A. Maltz, "Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks," Mobile Computing, vol. 353, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
- M. R. Pearlman Z. J. Haas and P. Samar, "The zone routing protocol (zrp) for ad hoc networks," Internet Draft - Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 2001.
- V. Ramasubramanian, R. Chandra, and D. Mosse, "Providing a bidirectional abstraction for unidirectional ad hoc networks," IEEE Infocom, pp. 1258–1267, 2002.
- Network Simulator: http:///www. isi. edu/nsnam/ns
Index Terms
Keywords