An Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) algorithm for printed circuit board (PCB) inspection system proposed in this paper. The proposed method detect holes defect that occur during PCB etching process during manufacturing. The object of PCB inspection algorithm is to develop a more reliable and faster visual inspection system. The inspection process contains two stages, namely, measurement stage and detection stage. In the first stage, only one image feature is measured from the examined image and is used for detection of defects

1. H. G. Longbotham, Y. Ping, H. N. Kothari, and Z. Jun, "Non-destructive reverse engineering of trace maps in multilayered PCBs," AUTOTESTCON '95, pp. 390 – 397, August 1995.
2. R. T. Chin, "Automated visual inspection: A survey," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 557–573, 1982.
3. R. T. Chin, "Survey: Automated visual inspection: 1981 to 1987," Computer Vision Graphics Image Process, vol. 41, pp. 346–381, 1988.
4. M. Moganti, F. Ercal, C. H. Dagli, and S. Tsunekawa, "Automatic PCB inspection algorithms: a survey", Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 6, no. 2, 1996, pp. 287-313.
5. W. Wen-Yen, J. Mao-Jiun, J. Wang, and L. Chih-Ming, "Automated inspection of printed circuit board through machine vision", Computers in Industry, vol. 28, issue 2, 1996, pp. 103-111.
6. J. H. Koo and S. I. Yoo, "A structural matching for two-dimensional visual pattern inspection", IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 5, 1998, pp. 4429-4434.
7. S. H. Oguz and L. Onural, "An automated system for design-rule-based visual inspection of printed circuit boards", Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1991, pp. 2696-2701.
8. Ismail Ibrahim, Zuwairie Ibrahim, Mohamad Shukri Zainal Abidin, Musa Mohd Mokji, Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Abu Bakar, and Shahdan Sudin An Algorithm For Classification Of Six Types Of Defect On Bare Printed Circuit Board, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, TUBITAK-MISAG-65,1995
9. K. Sundaraj, PCB Inspection for Missing or Misaligned Components using Background Subtraction, University Malaysia Perlis School of Mechatronic Engineering 02600 Jejawi – Perlis MALAYSIA kenneth@unimap. edu. my Issue 5, Volume 6, May 2009
10. Zuwairie Ibrahim and Syed Abdul Rahman Al-Attas, Wavelet-Based Printed Circuit Board Inspection System, International Journal of Information and Communication Engineering 1:2 2005
11. Vision assistant concept manual, NI Instruments
12. Der-Baau Perng, Chuan-Pei Liu, Yen-Chung Chen, and Cheng-Chuan Chou, "Advanced SMD PCB Vision Inspection Machine" Development Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Chiao-Tung University, 15th IPPR Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 2002
13. Greenberg, et al. , Method for printed circuit board inspection", United States Patent 6, 990, 227, 2006.
14. Shih-Chieh Lin and Chia-Hsin Su "A Visual Inspection System for Surface Mounted Devices on Printed Circuit Board" Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu Taiwan 300, 2006 IEEE CIS 2006
15. Jainy Sachdeva, Indra Gupta "Machine Vision And Its Application Using Ieee 1394 Camera And Vision Assistant 7. 1" XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, December 17-19, 2008

Aoi Pcb Defects Image Morphology Particle Analysis Particle Measurement