The research of ways to obtain higher and higher pressures that are impossible to be gained with human power is a challenge that starts way back in the history of mankind. In modern days, technological steps in this direction take place almost daily to improve human life, both directly and indirectly. The two main methods to gain high pressures are through hydraulic and pneumatic systems, which have a large application in nearly every field of engineering. Hydraulic systems work according to the principle that the pressure exerted by a confined liquid is transmitted to the internal face of its container. Applying this principle in a hydraulic system, the force exerted by a liquid can be transferred to a piston to generate power. Pneumatic systems, instead, use compressed air to transmit and control energy. This paper will present a bibliographic research on the main applications of these two systems, analysing their components and operation. Moreover, deepening on pneumatic systems, this study will focus on one of the most modern pneumatic machine in food packaging: the Tetra Pak’s A6. This machine is the first and only device in the world capable of packing UHT milk in one-litre aseptic carton bottles. The 10 steps required by the machine to fulfil its function, will be examined in detail, alongside with its connections, sensors and controllers.

Hydraulics Pneumatics Food Packaging.